Development of a new wireless sensor network communication

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) are a natural extension of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) phenomenon to the underground environment. In this work, experimental measurements are presented at the frequency of 433 MHz, which show a good agreement with the theoretical studies. Experiments are run to examine the received signal strength and the packet error rate for aboveground-to-underground and underground-toaboveground communication links. The results reveal that the effects of burial depth, inter-node distance and volumetric water content of the soil on the signal strength and packet error rate. The tests show that the communication range decreased when the soil moisture